Virus

Defect in viral gene

Effect

Oncolytic mechanism

References

Vaccinia vvDD-GFP

Vaccinia Growth Factor

Cannot prime neighboring cells to divide

Only dividing tumor cells will replicate, because normal cells are not “primed” by VGF

(18)

Poliovirus PV1(RIPO)

Substitutes poliovirus IRES element with rhinovirus 2 IRES

Loss of neurovirulence, because neurons cannot translate mRNA with substituted IRES

Tumor cells can still propagate virus

(36)

Adenovirus E1-

E1

Does not replicate

Tumor cells can complement the E1 defect

(37, 38)

Adenovirus Ad.IR-BG

E1 defect with inverted repeats flanking reporter transgene in antisense orientation to promoter

DNA replication rearranges the construct so that promoter is 5’ to reporter transgene

Adenoviral replication only occurs in tumor cells that complement the E1 defect

(39)

Measles, mumps, Sindbis, Sendai

None

Tumor lysis

Unknown

(40, 41)